對有(you)一些大型(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)，很(hen)多(duo)人(ren)都只關(guan)注質(zhi)量高低。在平(ping)(ping)時的(de)生活中(zhong)，很(hen)少聽說電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡而引發的(de)的(de)事故，那(nei)么，是(shi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡就沒有(you)危(wei)害呢？當然(ran)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)。

1、對油浸式變壓器自身的危害。

通(tong)常(chang)情況(kuang)下，油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鐵損(sun)(sun)(空載(zai)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao))和銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)(負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)損(sun)(sun)耗(hao))兩種損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)，鐵損(sun)(sun)一(yi)(yi)般不變(bian)，銅(tong)損(sun)(sun)會根據負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)而(er)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)。當三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷不平(ping)衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候運(yun)行(xing)，油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)可(ke)看成三(san)只單相(xiang)(xiang)油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷損(sun)(sun)耗(hao)之和。這(zhe)有(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)給(gei)油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)造(zao)成及嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果，不平(ping)衡時會造(zao)成相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大(da)(增為3倍)，從而(er)造(zao)成繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)和油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)熱。繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)過(guo)熱，絕緣老化(hua)(hua)加快(kuai);油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)過(guo)熱，引起油(you)質劣化(hua)(hua)，快(kuai)速減(jian)小油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣性能(neng)，減(jian)少油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壽命(溫度每升(sheng)高8℃，使(shi)用年限將會降(jiang)低一(yi)(yi)半)，甚至燒毀繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)。同(tong)時三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)不平(ping)衡條件下運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)產生零(ling)序(xu)磁通(tong)，零(ling)序(xu)磁通(tong)流(liu)經油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)金屬部件組(zu)(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)回路(lu)，是油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發熱，同(tong)樣影響油(you)浸(jin)(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)行(xing)安(an)全(quan)。

2、對油浸式變(bian)壓器相關線(xian)路(lu)的影響(xiang)。

上(shang)(shang)文提到三(san)相(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡會產(chan)生零(ling)序(xu)磁通(tong)，零(ling)序(xu)磁通(tong)在中性(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)上(shang)(shang)會變為中性(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)流，這(zhe)樣(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)但相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)會有損耗(hao)(hao)，同時(shi)中性(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)會產(chan)生損耗(hao)(hao)，從而(er)就會增加(jia)了電(dian)網線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路的(de)損耗(hao)(hao)。另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)面，在三(san)相(xiang)四(si)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制結線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)式下(xia)(xia)，當(dang)三(san)相(xiang)平(ping)(ping)衡時(shi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)損zui小;當(dang)一(yi)相(xiang)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩(liang)相(xiang)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)較(jiao)輕的(de)情況下(xia)(xia)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)損增量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)小;當(dang)一(yi)相(xiang)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)相(xiang)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)輕，而(er)第三(san)相(xiang)的(de)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)較(jiao)為平(ping)(ping)均(jun)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)情況下(xia)(xia)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)損增量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)大(da);當(dang)一(yi)相(xiang)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)輕，兩(liang)相(xiang)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)情況下(xia)(xia)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)損增量(liang)(liang)將會zui大(da)的(de)。當(dang)三(san)相(xiang)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡時(shi)，無論何種(zhong)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)(he)(he)(he)分(fen)配情況，電(dian)流不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡度越大(da)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)損增量(liang)(liang)也(ye)越大(da)。

3、對用(yong)電設備的影響。

變壓器各(ge)(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)會(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備使(shi)用(yong)壽命縮短，加速部件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更換頻(pin)率(lv)，也(ye)就(jiu)增(zeng)加設(she)備維護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本。對于配(pei)變電(dian)(dian)設(she)備來講(jiang)，在(zai)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)條件下(xia)運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)，各(ge)(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)流是不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，這就(jiu)導致(zhi)其內部三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)壓(ya)降(jiang)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等，從而(er)造成輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)。同時(shi)，配(pei)變電(dian)(dian)設(she)備在(zai)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)條件下(xia)運(yun)行(xing)，三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)(bu)一樣，導致(zhi)中性(xing)線就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)有(you)電(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過。因而(er)使(shi)中性(xing)線產生(sheng)阻抗壓(ya)降(jiang)，從而(er)導致(zhi)中性(xing)點漂移(yi)，致(zhi)使(shi)各(ge)(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)發生(sheng)變化。負(fu)載(zai)(zai)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)低，而(er)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)狀況下(xia)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，即容易造成電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備燒壞，而(er)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接(jie)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備則可(ke)能無法使(shi)用(yong)。所以三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)，將嚴重危及(ji)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全運(yun)行(xing)。 對于電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機來講(jiang)，三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機中逆扭矩增(zeng)加，從而(er)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度上升(sheng)，效率(lv)下(xia)降(jiang)，能耗(hao)增(zeng)加，發生(sheng)震(zhen)動(dong)(dong)，輸出(chu)(chu)虧耗(hao)等影響。對于斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器來講(jiang)，三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)會(hui)(hui)使(shi)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器允許(xu)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)余量減少，當負(fu)載(zai)(zai)變更或(huo)交替(ti)時(shi)容易發生(sheng)超載(zai)(zai)、短路(lu)(lu)(lu)現象(xiang)等。